Dear Kasahun, Anonymous 141 has already addressed your issues correctly. i would like to add few points regarding the ration size. the so called 2100kcal is considered when the intended beneficiaries are completely dependent on food aid, no other food sources. in this case could be refugees or IDP. However, in other setup the ration size could be reduce below 2100kcal when we expect the beneficiaries have some sources from their own. To generalize my point it is not necessarly to stick with 2100kcal/p/d. Based on the proper need assessment, it can be adjusted interms of energy or micronutrient requirement. For example the recomended monthly ration size in Ethiopia is cereal 15kg, pulses 1.5kg, edible oil 0.5kg and 4.5kg blended food (only for 35% of the total beneficiaris). However, due to shoratge of resources, it is usually below the recomended.

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