Hi Karleen

Sadly the Sphere Standards don't specify the additional needs of this group, but they do indicate that the minimum basic survival water intake (drinking and food) is 2.5 - 3 litres/person/day - to be adapted based on climate and individual physiology. This feeds into the standard of a minimum average allocation of 15 litres per person per day for drinking and domestic hygiene. More guidance in the Sphere Standards. 

Isabelle 

Hi Karleen,

In addition to the above, the below resource (p. 22) specifies that PLWs should receive an additional 1 litre / day of drinking water. 

https://www.unhcr.org/45fa745b2.pdf 

Hope that helps,

Isabelle 

And linking to the above (additional 1L / day), the Institute of Medicine notes that the median amount of fluids typically consumed by breastfeeding mothers is 3.1 liters (13 cups), compared to 2.2 liters/9 cups for non-pregnant/lactating women.

https://www.nap.edu/read/10925/chapter/6#153 

"Given the extreme variability in water needs that are not solely based on differences in metabolism, but also in environmental conditions and activity, there is not a single level of water intake that would ensure adequate hydration and optimal health for half of all apparently healthy persons in all environmental conditions… the AI [Adequate Intake] does not represent a requirement; it is an amount that should meet the needs of almost everyone in the specific life stage group under the conditions described.”